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Mind the 5 gaps

Mar 08, 2024
 I waved a Minion off to school yesterday for World Book Day.

At least my 12 year old daughter now sorts out her own WBD outfit thank goodness, and there’s now another 364 days before WBD rolls around again.  But we’re not done for this week because it's International Women’s Day today!

In recognition of this global celebration of women’s contribution to work and society, every day this week I’ve been sharing a statistic on Linked In that describes how women are impacted by our 'time culture' at work.  If ‘time culture’ is a new expression to you a) you obviously haven’t read my award-winning business book The Future of Time yet and b) it means our attitudes, behaviours and expectations around the way we spend our time at work. What gets valued and rewarded, what doesn’t. What we spend much of our time on, what we don’t spend so much time on (but ought to). Because surprise, surprise, women are disadvantaged by our ‘time culture’ in several ways. Here are my top five.

Work intensity - defined as very hard work, high speed work and high deadline work - has been steadily increasing in the UK for the past 20 years, for both men and women. 

However, women report experiencing greater work intensity than men - the gender 'work intensity' gap is 15.4% (source: Trends in Work Intensity in Britain, 1992–2021, ILR Review). I asked people why they thought this might be the case.  One  suggested that women are typically more conscientious than men, i.e. both receive the same amount of work but respond differently to this. Someone else pointed out that women reportedly shoulder 92% of the caring responsibility outside of work, perhaps causing them to experience work overload more intensely. 

What’s your view?


Among working age people, women enjoy 36 minutes LESS leisure time PER DAY than men (source: Resolution Foundation)


Why is this? Reasons include:

  1. Whilst men are spending increasing time on childcare and domestic duties, in most households women perform around 60 per cent of all unpaid work. 
  2. Men who spend less time in paid work tend to spend more time on leisure, but women who do less paid work have most of the spare time taken up by extra unpaid work.

People in my network also mentioned data proving that when women work as much as men, they still do more domestic work (including childcare), so this inevitably eats into leisure time. Also there is some evidence that, as women become more senior, they do MORE at home. Darn; my hopes of slowing down later in my career are now nosediving fast.



This next statistic doesn't on first glance, seem to be about our working time. But it absolutely is.


Women’s pension pots, on average, are 1/3rd size of men’s (source: AJBell) . This is primarily because women are more likely to have part-time jobs than men so over the course of their careers women work fewer hours, earn less money and invest less in a pension. Meaning women have less of a financial safety net (or none at all) and fewer choices in life and work.


Some ways we can change this are:

  1. Make it easier and more acceptable for men to be carers too.
  2. Encourage part-time and job-share roles at the most senior levels for men and women.
  3. Help women to understand the longer-term financial consequences of reducing their working hours today.

Imagine your fearless leaders saying 'we want to build a really strong culture ... but we'll reward men more than women for doing this'. Of course we don't say this. But this is what's happening.


Women invest more time in providing social support to colleagues than men but get less back from it in terms of organisational rewards and recognition; in other words, they get a ‘lower social ROI’. Men invest less time in social support but benefit more (source: MIT Sloan).


This 'soft stuff' isn't a nice-to-have, it's essential if you want a workforce that can rise to tough challenges, solve difficult problems, and weather storms in a resilient way. As Robin Dunbar explained on my podcast, the quality of relationships almost entirely depends on how much time you invest in them.


And finally…

The 12% gender ‘low promotability task’ gap. That’s a bit of a mouthful I know but essentially, research shows that when it comes to tasks that people spend time on but that aren't ultimately recognised at promotion opportunities, women are:


🤔 More likely to be asked.

🤔 More likely to say yes.

🤔 More likely to volunteer.


The 'low-promotability' taks investment rate is 37 % for women and 25 % for men (source: American Economic Review)

Generally, women conform to social gender-stereotypical expectations by willingly shouldering more of the work that doesn’t lead to workplace glory or the next rung up the career ladder.


 Feel free to share these stats with friends and family members, and colleagues at your #IWD events and celebrations. I hope they open up conversations about work culture, ways of working and career barriers/enablers so that more women can get in to their chosen industry, get on and achieve their career ambitions. I also rather optimistically hope that when my daughter leaves her Minion-dressing-up-days behind her and enters the world of work – either as a professional choreographer for K-pop bands or the head of policy at motor racing’s governing body the FIA, she can’t quite decide which - she doesn’t fall into these gender gaps because we’ve managed to close them.

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